{"id":23931,"date":"2024-11-06T17:16:01","date_gmt":"2024-11-06T20:16:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fund.ar\/publicacion\/employment-and-production-stabilisation-system\/"},"modified":"2024-12-12T12:53:02","modified_gmt":"2024-12-12T15:53:02","slug":"employment-and-production-stabilisation-system","status":"publish","type":"publicacion","link":"https:\/\/fund.ar\/en\/publicacion\/employment-and-production-stabilisation-system\/","title":{"rendered":"Employment and Production Stabilisation System"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"23931\" class=\"elementor elementor-23931 elementor-22094\" data-elementor-post-type=\"publicacion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c7a4dc5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c7a4dc5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f3ab8ee\" data-id=\"f3ab8ee\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b292b12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b292b12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Crises are part of Argentina&#8217;s daily landscape. The tools to navigate them, not so much. The counter-cyclical labour policies available today are scattered and ineffective. We propose the creation of an Employment and Production Stabilisation System (SEEPRO) that unifies and introduces policies of regulation, wage subsidies and vocational training to protect companies and workers in times of recession. This system allows companies to reduce working hours, temporarily suspend or renegotiate conditions in times of crisis, with the aim of preserving employment.<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-316eb56 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"316eb56\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6b434d8\" data-id=\"6b434d8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-717851b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"717851b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Illustration: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/papanika_\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Papanika<\/a>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6446919 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6446919\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f0107f3\" data-id=\"f0107f3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8691b09 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"8691b09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-da45c4e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"da45c4e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3ded1ac\" data-id=\"3ded1ac\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4c5e3a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a4c5e3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Why are counter-cyclical labour policies necessary?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2c75c9a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2c75c9a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a8ae5ff\" data-id=\"a8ae5ff\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9148fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c9148fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a20f6a3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a20f6a3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4547a08\" data-id=\"4547a08\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81fb9be elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"81fb9be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In recent decades, the world of work has undergone major transformations at the global level due to the internationalisation of trade and new technological developments. These changes accentuated the exposure of national economies to global crises that rapidly impacted on local employment and production. Examples of this were the 2008-2009 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic, during which state intervention was crucial to cushion the negative effects on labour and preserve enterprises.<\/p>\n<p>In Argentina, the state developed tools to deal with these crises, such as the Productive Recovery Programme (REPRO) and the Emergency Assistance Programme for Work and Production (ATP). However, these measures were implemented in a fragmented and restrictive manner. This resulted in a volatile and ineffective counter-cyclical labour market policy.<\/p>\n<p>There is a need to coordinate tools, pool resources and respond comprehensively to future crises. SEEPRO seeks to balance the difficulties faced by companies during crises with the preservation of employment by offering a more predictable and effective system. This proposal seeks to offer a system of &#8220;controlled flexibility&#8221; in which employers can reduce working hours, suspend contracts or adjust working conditions under tripartite agreement and control of the state, companies and trade unions on the condition that jobs are preserved.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2319812 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2319812\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4f7d13\" data-id=\"e4f7d13\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3725c67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3725c67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e7eaa26 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e7eaa26\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2da311f\" data-id=\"2da311f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c56397 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2c56397\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What did developed countries do to protect themselves from international crises? <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cbffc23 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cbffc23\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e471ced\" data-id=\"e471ced\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-649fedf elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"649fedf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bccb0cd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bccb0cd\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2d33545\" data-id=\"2d33545\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f4934a elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"6f4934a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><div class=\"flourish-embed flourish-chart\" data-src=\"visualisation\/20265199\"><script src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/embed.js\"><\/script><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/visualisation\/20265199\/thumbnail\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"chart visualization\" \/><\/noscript><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bdde9dc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bdde9dc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a696b26\" data-id=\"a696b26\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a30008 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a30008\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Not all G7 countries were equally impacted by the 2008-2009 financial crisis. While employment in the United States fell by almost 4 per cent, in Germany it remained stable. Crisis procedures were the differentiating factor in preserving employment in times of recession. These mechanisms allow for temporary reductions in working hours or the suspension of jobs on condition that jobs are maintained.<\/p>\n<p>During the pandemic, all EU countries adopted or expanded these systems. Crisis procedures absorbed almost 80% of the income shocks and drastic increases in unemployment were avoided. And Germany and France covered more than 30% of their labour force at the height of the crisis.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f1c3e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"6f1c3e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6cde037 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6cde037\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-275bf9f\" data-id=\"275bf9f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1dc133 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c1dc133\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><i>Two prominent cases: the Kurzarbeit system in Germany and the Expedientes de Regulaci\u00f3n Temporal de Empleo (ERTE) in Spain<\/i><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b9ead4a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b9ead4a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-397f408\" data-id=\"397f408\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6b225b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e6b225b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Germany \ud83c\udde9\ud83c\uddea <\/b><span>implemented the <\/span><i><span>Kurzarbeit<\/span><\/i><span> in 1927, which allowed companies to reduce working hours with state support for lost wages. This measure was crucial in crises such as 2008 and 2020. Variants exist to suit different contexts, including seasonal arrangements and for teleworkers. During COVID-19, the <\/span><i><span>Kurzarbeit <\/span><\/i><span>was enhanced by collective agreements that achieved higher levels of wage coverage.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Spain \ud83c\uddea\ud83c\uddf8 <\/b><span> formalised ERTE in 1980. Following reforms in 2010 and 2012, and with the creation of the RED Mechanism in 2022, ERTEs have evolved to allow for both reductions in working hours and suspensions, as well as including special mechanisms for long-term affected sectors. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Both models proved effective in mitigating increases in unemployment during the pandemic and serve as an example of &#8220;controlled flexibility&#8221; in which companies and the state cooperate to stabilise employment.<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0dd9bc5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0dd9bc5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-417615c\" data-id=\"417615c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-189daaa elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"189daaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-77a959d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"77a959d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cb25a94\" data-id=\"cb25a94\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c36208 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8c36208\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What counter-cyclical labour policies does Argentina have and how did they work in times of crisis?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f7f3f6b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f7f3f6b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-df441ea\" data-id=\"df441ea\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-913ea68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"913ea68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-95fe393 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"95fe393\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0324683\" data-id=\"0324683\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eef8578 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eef8578\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In Argentina there are several procedures and instruments designed to mitigate the negative effects on employment and enterprises. The two tools with the greatest impact are the Preventive Crisis Procedure (PPC) and the Productive Recovery Programme (REPRO).<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>Preventive Crisis Procedure (PPC)<\/strong> is intended for situations of mass dismissals or suspensions in companies, especially when the problems are caused by economic, technological or force majeure reasons. Although it has been a legal instrument since 1991, it is mainly used as a last resort, when a crisis has already occurred in the company. It does not encourage firms to act in anticipation of the crisis, nor does it provide effective incentives to maintain employment. Moreover, it lacks complementary tools, such as wage subsidies or tax exemptions, that would make it more useful for firms in times of difficulty.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">The <\/span><strong style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;\">Productive Recovery Programme (REPRO)<\/strong><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\"> offers wage subsidies to help companies maintain employment. During the 2008 and 2020 crises, the REPRO was highly relevant. However, the programme did not always respond effectively to the crises as there was no direct correlation between the levels of allocation of the programme and the magnitude of the crises, and it does not provide for regulatory instances such as those of the CFP. In addition, there are practically unused tools such as the Productive Restructuring or the untying of the collective bargaining agreement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The most relevant problems of the current map of local tools are: their lack of coordination, the mistrust of the actors (both employers and trade unions), and the insufficient incentives to anticipate and prevent crises. Moreover, these procedures are often reactive rather than preventive, which has led to a lack of effective employment protection and adequate support for companies during periods of crisis.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fc49ec7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fc49ec7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5324c6d\" data-id=\"5324c6d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff3e3f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ff3e3f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-74e88bb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"74e88bb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-14c2db3\" data-id=\"14c2db3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ab0a45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9ab0a45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What do we propose? The Employment and Production Stabilization System (SEEPRO) <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-da329fe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"da329fe\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8f7fb9d\" data-id=\"8f7fb9d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea393c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ea393c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dd601c3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dd601c3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c6022d0\" data-id=\"c6022d0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c7aaf7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c7aaf7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The <strong>Employment and Production Stabilisation System (SEEPRO)<\/strong> offers a comprehensive and anticipatory response to crises, overcoming the limitations of current mechanisms through a centralised and flexible system that prioritises employment sustainability and productivity support.<\/p>\n<p>The system proposes a <a href=\"https:\/\/fund.ar\/en\/publicacion\/a-labour-reform-for-inclusion-and-growth\/\" rel=\"noopener\">reform of the labour system<\/a> that operates in two stages:<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dd5e3c2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dd5e3c2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-27784b6\" data-id=\"27784b6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34c68ee elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"34c68ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-474a028\" data-id=\"474a028\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-984b8d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"984b8d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Stage 1: Regulation <\/b><\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ffc1f52 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ffc1f52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aff8002 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aff8002\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Se permiten medidas de flexibilidad controlada como reducci\u00f3n de la jornada, suspensiones y convenios de crisis. Esta puede durar seis meses o un a\u00f1o dependiendo del tipo de crisis. En esta instancia el salario de crisis es financiado por el empleador. Esta etapa deber\u00eda ser suficiente para una recuperaci\u00f3n pronta de la crisis.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-86d35c7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"86d35c7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4fe2b09\" data-id=\"4fe2b09\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc63ea0 elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"cc63ea0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4747938\" data-id=\"4747938\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8c7e4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e8c7e4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Stage 2: Conversion<\/b><\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24a7e11 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"24a7e11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89c9fc8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"89c9fc8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>If the crisis continues, the possibility of applying for a wage subsidy is added to the reconversion phase. If approved, the crisis wage can be financed jointly by the employer and the state.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a612291 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a612291\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e7c7c0e\" data-id=\"e7c7c0e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-908fbaa elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"908fbaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0ccba2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0ccba2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9c935b4\" data-id=\"9c935b4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37855c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"37855c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSEEPRO introduces <b>three key innovations<\/b>:\r\n\r\n<strong>Anticipation<\/strong>. It encourages companies to anticipate the effects of the crisis on labour through a regulatory scheme with incentives and predictability.\r\n\r\n<strong>Sectoral or regional concertation<\/strong>. It includes collective bargaining in a tripartite framework (State, companies and trade unions) for both the agreement and the supervision of the procedure. The sectoral nature and regionalisation of bargaining makes it possible to deal with requests more quickly and effectively for each individual company.\r\n\r\n<strong>Vocational training:<\/strong> This includes a vocational training system that is optional in the event of economic crises and compulsory in the event of force majeure or technological adaptation crises.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"featured_media":23575,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"tipo":[154],"serie":[221],"desafios":[249],"agendas":[258],"class_list":["post-23931","publicacion","type-publicacion","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tipo-working-document","serie-a-labour-reform-for-social-inclusion-and-economic-growth","desafios-shared-well-being","agendas-future-employment"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the 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